Tutorial - Setting up RT-11 v5.3 on SimH PDP-11
A tutorial about how to set up an RT-11 v5.3 in a SimH PDP-11 instance in Support of MACRO-11 Assembly Development and Experimentation.
The RT-11 is a small, single-user, real-time operating system for the PDP-11, 16-bit family of computers. It is simple to install and it works fine with SimH, it just takes some getting used to. If you have ever used DOS, it will seem mildly familiar. This tutorial is enough to get you started with RT-11, but it is by no means a complete introduction. Once you have the environment up and running, I recommend that you read Introduction to RT-11 referenced below. That document will take the reader through a number of exercises to get more familiar with the operating system.
Please message me after you work through the tutorial and let me know if there are any needed corrections or changes that would be helpful to add.
What you will (hopefully) learn through this tutorial
- How to install RT-11 v5.3 on a SimH PDP-11 simulator
- How to interact with RT-11 from a host system productively
- How to back up the RT-11 operating system on the host
- How to develop, edit, assemble, link, and run a simple MACRO-11 Hello world application in RT-11’s operating environment.
Prerequisites
- A developer friendly host environment - Linux with base developer tools, or Mac with XCode and Homebrew installed should work well, on Windows, try Cygwin.
- A working SimH PDP-11 Simulator https://github.com/simh/simh
- The RT-11 v5.3 Distribution http://www.bitsavers.org/simh.trailing-edge.com/kits/rtv53swre.tar.Z
- An empty RL02 Disk Image http://www.dbit.com/pub/pdp11/empty/rl02.dsk.gz
- The Introduction to RT-11 document http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/dec/pdp11/rt11/v5.1_Jul84/AA-5281C-TC-T1_Introduction_To_RT-11_Jul84.pdf
Resources
- RT-11 v5.1 Documentation http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/dec/pdp11/rt11/v5.1_Jul84
- Useful RT-11 Related Information http://www.mrp3.com/PDP11.html
- The document that helped me get up and running http://gunkies.org/wiki/Installing_RT-11_5.3_on_SIMH
Getting Started
Create a working directory and change into it. I use a sandboxes area:
mkdir ~/sandboxes/rt-11-explorations
cd ~/sandboxes/rt-11-explorations
Prepare SimH pdp11
Git is by far the best method of obtaining SimH - snag it:
git clone https://github.com/simh/simh.git
cd simh
make pdp11
Optionally, copy it into an accessible location:
sudo cp BIN/pdp11 /usr/local/bin/pdp11
Test it:
pdp11
PDP-11 simulator V4.0-0 Beta git commit id: ac837e5b
sim> q
Goodbye
cd ..
Prepare the RT-11 v5.3 distribution disk image and the empty rl02 disk image
Get the images using curl or wget or just visit the site directly:
curl -O http://www.bitsavers.org/simh.trailing-edge.com/kits/rtv53swre.tar.Z
curl -O http://www.dbit.com/pub/pdp11/empty/rl02.dsk.gz
Unzip them and clean up by moving the empty disk image into Disks and cleaning up unnecessary files:
tar xvf rtv53swre.tar.Z Disks/rtv53_rl.dsk
mv rl02.dsk Disks/empty-rl02.dsk
rm rtv53swre.tar.Z
Make copies of the disk images for use in the simulator:
cp Disks/empty-rl02.dsk distribution-backup.dsk
cp Disks/rtv53_rl.dsk distribution.dsk
To later restore these files in the event of an error, it is as simple as:
cp Disks/empty-rl02.dsk distribution-backup.dsk
cp Disks/rtv53_rl.dsk distribution.dsk
However, these are the raw disks, another backup will take care of the prepared disks, later.
Create SimH PDP-11 Configuration Files
Two configuration files will be used in this tutorial. The first will be used to initialize the system and to execute the RT-11 Automatic Installation Process. The second will be used for normal, subsequent boots.
Create Initial Configuration File
cat >initial.ini <<"EOF"
set cpu 11/23+ 256K
set tto 8b
attach LPT lpt.txt
set rl0 writeenabled
set rl0 rl02
attach rl0 distribution.dsk
set rl1 writeenabled
set rl1 rl02
attach rl1 distribution-backup.dsk
set rl1 badblock
boot rl0
EOF
The ini file describes a PDP-11/23+ with 256K of RAM. This is sufficient for the installation. It also tells the simulator to use an 8bit terminal setting, ASCII support will handle arrow keys, colors, etc. The LPT device points to lpt.txt on the host and is one method for obtaining printouts from the RT-11 environment. rl0 and rl1 are both set to be write enabled, are rl02 devices, and are attached to files on the host. The simulator or RT-11 doesn’t do well with empty disk device files without the badblock being set, so it is set. The file then explicitly calls boot on the distribution disk image, rl0.
Create Regular Boot Configuration File
cat >boot.ini <<"EOF"
set cpu 11/23+ 256K
set tto 8b
attach LPT lpt.txt
set rl0 writeenabled
set rl0 rl02
attach rl0 working.dsk
set rl1 writeenabled
set rl1 rl02
attach rl1 storage.dsk
set rl1 badblock
boot rl0
EOF
This file is basically the same as the initial file, but instead of the two disks being attached to the distribution and backup disks, they are attached to working and storage. These will be the files to backup whenever a backup is desired. The CPU is the same 11/23+ with 256K of RAM. This can be changed to a more powerful system at anytime without breaking anything, but it is not required for most simple work in RT-11.
RT-11 Automatic Installation Process
Everything is ready for the installation at this point. Confirm that you have the files and folders below:
$ ls -1
Disks
boot.ini
distribution-backup.dsk
distribution.dsk
initial.ini
Start the Simulation
In order to power on the PDP-11, the command pdp11 is invoked with the name of the appropriate ini file:
pdp11 initial.ini
PDP-11 simulator V4.0-0 Beta git commit id: ac837e5b
LPT: creating new file
Overwrite last track? [N]
Answer Y and press enter to begin the process.
If everything is as it should be you will be greeted with a lime green background and the heading - RT-11 Automatic Installation Process.
Screen 1 - Automatic Installation Process
RT-11 Automatic Installation Process
Welcome to RT-11 V5.3
You have bootstrapped the RT-11 Distribution Disk. Use this disk to
install your RT-11 system, then store it in a safe place.
RT-11 V5.3 provides an automatic installation procedure which will
back up your distribution disk and build a working system disk which
should be used for your work with RT-11.
This working system disk will only contain the RT-11 operating
system. After the RT-11 installation is complete, follow the
installation instructions packaged with any optional languages or
utility software which you will be using.
Press the "RETURN" key when ready to continue.
Do as instructed and press the return key to progress to the next screen.
Screen 2 - Automatic Installation Process
RT-11 Automatic Installation Process
You can choose to install RT-11 manually. This procedure is
described in the RT-11 Installation Guide.
If you are a new user of RT-11, DIGITAL highly recommends that you
use the automatic installation procedure.
Do you want to use the automatic installation procedure?
(Type YES or NO and press the "RETURN" key):
Unless you are expert, just type YES and press return to continue the process. If you make a mistake typing, press delete and the letter you want to delete will be printed with a preceding backslash, make your correction and all will be well with the world. For example if you type YEP and then press delete followed by the correct, S, it will appear as follows: YEP\P\S
Screen 3 - Automatic Installation Process
RT-11 Automatic Installation Process
You will be guided through the installation process by a series of
instructions and questions; you have an interactive dialog with the
RT-11 installation program. All you need to do is follow the
instructions carefully. When the instructions ask you to mount a
disk in a specified drive, find the disk with the correct label and
mount it in the drive, as shown in your installation booklet.
Do not remove any disk until specifically instructed to do so.
Once a disk is mounted in a drive, it must remain in the drive
until a message appears asking you to remove the disk.
Press the "RETURN" key when ready to continue.
Just follow the instructions and press return to proceed.
Screen 4 - Date Screen
Enter Today's Date
Please enter today's date in the following format:
DD-MMM-YY
where DD is the day of the month
MMM is the first 3 letters in the name of the month
YY is the last two numbers of the year
For example: January 19, 1988 is 19-JAN-88
Type in the date, then press the "RETURN" key.
Note: Modern years don’t really work well in RT-11, if this bothers you, find the fixes and apply them. Otherwise, just type a date like 19-JAN-88 and press return to proceed. Thanks Peter on blogger for pointing out that month-days occur on the same weekdays 28 years ago. So, if you select 2016-28=1988, days will continually match up and all that will be off is the year. As a retro-hobbyist, it should be fun to revisit 1988 :) when RT-11 5 was very much still in use.
Screen 5 - Backup Disk Screen
Backing Up Distribution Disk
A backup copy of the distribution disk will now be built.
Mount a blank disk in DL1 (Drive 1).
See the Automatic Installation Booklet for mounting instructions.
(Remember that the disk is not mounted until you have pressed the LOAD
button and the READY indicator light is on).
Press the "RETURN" key when you have mounted the disk.
At this point, the backup disk is mounted in RL1, which is being referred to here as DL1. So simply press return to have the backup written to the host disk image file distribution-backup.dsk and to proceed.
Screen 6 - Backup Disk Completed Screen
Backing Up Distribution Disk
Your backup copy of the distribution disk is in DL1 (Drive 1).
Please remove this disk from DL1 and label it
"RT-11 V5.3 BIN RL02 BACKUP".
Refer to Appendix B of your installation booklet for instructions
for dismounting a disk.
Press the "RETURN" key when you have removed the disk.
In order to unattach the disk and make the backup copy, the simulator must be temporarily halted. This is accomplished by pressing CTRL-E, that is press and hold the control key, while pressing the lowercase e key once.
Simulation stopped, PC: 146644 (ASR R5) ; the instruction may vary from this one
sim> detach rl1
sim> ! cp distribution-backup.dsk RT-11_V5.3_BIN_RL02_BACKUP
sim> ! cp Disks/empty-rl02.dsk working.dsk
sim> attach rl1 working.dsk
sim> c
These commands detach the disk rl1, distribution-backup.dsk, then copy that file to RT-11_V5.3_BIN_RL02_BACKUP, copy the empty rl02 disk image to working.dsk, and attach it to the simulator. c tells the simulator to return control to RT-11. There won’t be a prompt. Simply press return as previously instructed to proceed.
Screen 7 - Building Working System Screen
Building Working System
Your working system disk will now be built automatically. This disk
will contain the RT-11 Operating System.
Select a blank disk and label it: "RT-11 V5.3 BIN RL02 WORKING"
and mount it in DL1 (Drive 1).
Press the "RETURN" key when you have mounted the disk.
The rl1 working.dsk image is attached and loaded. Press return to build the system and proceed.
Screen 8 - Installation Complete Screen
RT-11 V5.3 Installation Complete
Your working system disk will now be bootstrapped.
Press the "RETURN" key when ready to continue.
The working system has been built. Press return to proceed into the newly built system.
Post Installation Screen - Bootstrapped for the first time
RT-11FB V05.03
.TYPE V5USER.TXT
RT-11 V5.3
Installation of RT-11 Version 5.3 is complete and you are now
executing from the working volume (provided you have used the
automatic installation procedure). DIGITAL recommends you verify
the correct operation of your system's software using the
verification procedure. To do this, enter the command:
IND VERIFY
Note that VERIFY should be performed only after the distri-
bution media have been backed up. This was accomplished as part
of automatic installation on all RL02, RX02, TK50, and RX50
based systems, including the MicroPDP-11 and the Professional
300. If you have not completed automatic installation, you must
perform a manual backup before using VERIFY. Note also, VERIFY
is NOT supported on RX01 diskettes, DECtape I or II, or the
Professional 325.
DIGITAL also recommends you read the file V5NOTE.TXT, which
contains information formalized too late to be included in the
Release Notes. V5NOTE.TXT can be TYPED or PRINTED.
.
The dot prompt is ready for commands. At this point, it is important to make one final backup so that if something happens, you can always return the operating system to its pristine installed state.
Stop the simulation, unmount the working disk, make backups, and quit the simulation
Press CTRL-E
Simulation stopped, PC: 152632 (ADD #163430,R4)
sim> detach rl1
sim> ! cp working.dsk RT-11_V5.3_BIN_RL02_WORKING
sim> quit
Goodbye
Post Installation Cleanup
At this point, you have a working copy and a backup distribution file saved. You can remove the two copies of the blank disk and distribution disk from the working directory and move the backups into the Disks directory.
rm distribution.dsk distribution-backup.dsk
mv RT-11_V5.3_BIN_RL02_BACKUP Disks/
mv RT-11_V5.3_BIN_RL02_WORKING Disks/
remove the initial.ini file
rm initial.ini
Copy in a new blank for use as a storage volume
cp Disks/empty-rl02.dsk storage.dsk
The cleaned up area should contain the following folders and files:
$ ls -1
Disks
boot.ini
lpt.txt
storage.dsk
working.dsk
Booting into RT-11 for the first time
The boot.ini file is used to configure pdp11 for use with the storage and working disks. Start pdp11:
pdp11 boot.ini
PDP-11 simulator V4.0-0 Beta git commit id: ac837e5b
Overwrite last track? [N]
Choose Y and press return to continue.
The V5USER.TXT file is displayed and a dot prompt presented to the user:
RT-11FB V05.03
.TYPE V5USER.TXT
RT-11 V5.3
Installation of RT-11 Version 5.3 is complete and you are now
executing from the working volume (provided you have used the
automatic installation procedure). DIGITAL recommends you verify
the correct operation of your system's software using the
verification procedure. To do this, enter the command:
IND VERIFY
Note that VERIFY should be performed only after the distri-
bution media have been backed up. This was accomplished as part
of automatic installation on all RL02, RX02, TK50, and RX50
based systems, including the MicroPDP-11 and the Professional
300. If you have not completed automatic installation, you must
perform a manual backup before using VERIFY. Note also, VERIFY
is NOT supported on RX01 diskettes, DECtape I or II, or the
Professional 325.
DIGITAL also recommends you read the file V5NOTE.TXT, which
contains information formalized too late to be included in the
Release Notes. V5NOTE.TXT can be TYPED or PRINTED.
.
Command Overview
Here are a list of simple commands to get started. Each is typed at the dot prompt. There are two main forms of commands in RT-11, the long form and the short form. The long form is usually entered by typing in a command without arguments. RT-11 then prompts for rational options. The short form is entered by typing a command with its options. Some commands will be very familiar, but their construction may be a little alien.
Most commands can be shortened to the shortest possible unique root. DIRECTORY, for example, can be shortened to DIR.
Just use upper-case for everything in RT-11, save yourself some pain.
Here are the commands that I will perform and document below:
DIRECTORY aka DIR
Show all of the files in the default directory
DIRECTORY/BRIEF aka DIR/BR
A brief form of directory listing
DIRECTORY/PRINT aka DIR/PRI
DIRECTORY/BRIEF/PRINT aka DIR/BR/PRI
Print the directory listing to the host lpt.txt file (in order to ensure flushed buffers, the simulator needs to be suspended after anything is printed before looking at the text file)
SHOW
Display the active configuration of RT-11
TYPE FILE
Show the contents of a file to screen
PRINT FILE
Print the contents of the file to the host lpt.txt file (suspend the simulator before looking at the file)
EDIT FILE
This is the command to execute the editor on RT-11 and it defaults to a visual mode editor KED that requires setup to use. The line editor ED can be used without configuration. Later in the tutorial, I will describe how to configure KED. DO NOT TRY TO USE EDIT BEFORE YOU CONFIGURE IT. It is nearly impossible to exit the editor until it is configured and you will need to stop the simulator to exit. If the file doesn’t exist, the program will prompt the user to create it.
OK, in full disclosure you can probably exit by typing F1 (on a Macbook, this is Fn-F1) which is teh KED GOLD key followed by ESC then O then w and at the KED COMMAND: prompt typing QUIT or EXIT depending on whether you want to abort or save respectively and pressing enter (on the Macbook this is Fn-Return). If you have a numeric keypad, you can probably skip all this and press the key at the top left of the keypad then numeric keypad 7, type QUIT or EXIT, and press the numeric keypad enter.
EDIT/CREATE FILE
This command will create a file for editing without prompting, unless the file exists, in which case the user will be prompted to overwrite the existing file.
MACRO FILE/LIST/CROSSREFERENCE aka MAC FILE/LIST/CROSS
Assemble a MACRO-11 Source file into an object file with machine code
LINK FILE/MAP
Link in dependent files and determine where in memory the file will be located.
RUN FILE aka R FILE
Execute the file.
Commands and their output/effect
DIRECTORY aka DIR
.DIRECTORY
SWAP .SYS 27 20-Dec-85 RT11AI.SYS 80 20-Dec-85
RT11PI.SYS 95 20-Dec-85 RT11BL.SYS 78 20-Dec-85
RT11SJ.SYS 79 20-Dec-85 RT11FB.SYS 93 20-Dec-85
RT11XM.SYS 106 20-Dec-85 CR .SYS 3 20-Dec-85
CT .SYS 6 20-Dec-85 DD .SYS 5 20-Dec-85
DL .SYS 4 20-Dec-85 DM .SYS 5 20-Dec-85
DP .SYS 3 20-Dec-85 DS .SYS 3 20-Dec-85
DT .SYS 3 20-Dec-85 DU .SYS 8 20-Dec-85
DW .SYS 5 20-Dec-85 DX .SYS 4 20-Dec-85
DY .SYS 4 20-Dec-85 DZ .SYS 4 20-Dec-85
PD .SYS 3 20-Dec-85 RF .SYS 3 20-Dec-85
RK .SYS 3 20-Dec-85 LD .SYS 8 20-Dec-85
LP .SYS 2 20-Dec-85 LS .SYS 5 20-Dec-85
MM .SYS 9 20-Dec-85 MS .SYS 10 20-Dec-85
MT .SYS 9 20-Dec-85 NL .SYS 2 20-Dec-85
PC .SYS 2 20-Dec-85 PI .SYS 60 20-Dec-85
SL .SYS 14 20-Dec-85 SLMIN .SYS 12 20-Dec-85
SP .SYS 6 20-Dec-85 TT .SYS 2 20-Dec-85
VM .SYS 3 20-Dec-85 XC .SYS 4 20-Dec-85
XL .SYS 4 20-Dec-85 DDX .SYS 5 20-Dec-85
DLX .SYS 5 20-Dec-85 DMX .SYS 5 20-Dec-85
DUX .SYS 9 20-Dec-85 DWX .SYS 5 20-Dec-85
DXX .SYS 4 20-Dec-85 DYX .SYS 4 20-Dec-85
DZX .SYS 4 20-Dec-85 LDX .SYS 8 20-Dec-85
LPX .SYS 2 20-Dec-85 LSX .SYS 5 20-Dec-85
MMX .SYS 10 20-Dec-85 MSX .SYS 11 20-Dec-85
MTX .SYS 9 20-Dec-85 NCX .SYS 9 20-Dec-85
NLX .SYS 2 20-Dec-85 NQX .SYS 7 20-Dec-85
PIX .SYS 68 20-Dec-85 RKX .SYS 3 20-Dec-85
SLX .SYS 16 20-Dec-85 SPX .SYS 6 20-Dec-85
VMX .SYS 3 20-Dec-85 XCX .SYS 4 20-Dec-85
XLX .SYS 4 20-Dec-85 STARTA.COM 61 20-Dec-85
STARTF.COM 5 20-Dec-85 STARTS.COM 1 20-Dec-85
STARTX.COM 8 20-Dec-85 PIP .SAV 30 20-Dec-85
DUP .SAV 47 20-Dec-85 DIR .SAV 19 20-Dec-85
IND .SAV 56 20-Dec-85 RESORC.SAV 25 20-Dec-85
EDIT .SAV 19 20-Dec-85 K52 .SAV 54 20-Dec-85
KED .SAV 58 20-Dec-85 KEX .SAV 53 20-Dec-85
MACRO .SAV 61 20-Dec-85 CREF .SAV 6 20-Dec-85
LINK .SAV 49 20-Dec-85 LIBR .SAV 24 20-Dec-85
FILEX .SAV 22 20-Dec-85 SRCCOM.SAV 26 20-Dec-85
BINCOM.SAV 24 20-Dec-85 SLP .SAV 13 20-Dec-85
DUMP .SAV 9 20-Dec-85 SIPP .SAV 21 20-Dec-85
BUP .SAV 50 20-Dec-85 PAT .SAV 10 20-Dec-85
HELP .SAV 132 20-Dec-85 SYSMAC.SML 60 20-Dec-85
BATCH .SAV 26 20-Dec-85 ERROUT.SAV 18 20-Dec-85
QUEMAN.SAV 15 20-Dec-85 FORMAT.SAV 24 20-Dec-85
SETUP .SAV 41 20-Dec-85 VTCOM .SAV 24 20-Dec-85
SPEED .SAV 4 20-Dec-85 DATIME.SAV 4 20-Dec-85
DATIME.COM 3 20-Dec-85 LET .SAV 5 20-Dec-85
SPLIT .SAV 3 20-Dec-85 UCL .SAV 15 20-Dec-85
VBGEXE.SAV 16 20-Dec-85 TERMID.SAV 3 20-Dec-85
QUEUE .REL 14 20-Dec-85 RTMON .REL 8 20-Dec-85
SPOOL .REL 11 20-Dec-85 VTCOM .REL 27 20-Dec-85
TRANSF.SAV 16 20-Dec-85 TRANSF.TSK 76 20-Dec-85
TRANSF.EXE 45 20-Dec-85 GIDIS .SAV 72 20-Dec-85
ALPH00.FNT 9 20-Dec-85 ODT .OBJ 8 20-Dec-85
VDT .OBJ 8 20-Dec-85 VTMAC .MAC 7 20-Dec-85
VTHDLR.OBJ 8 20-Dec-85 SYSLIB.OBJ 54 20-Dec-85
PUTSTR.FOR 2 20-Dec-85 GETSTR.FOR 2 20-Dec-85
MDUP .SAV 20 20-Dec-85 MBOOT .BOT 1 20-Dec-85
MBOT16.BOT 1 20-Dec-85 MSBOOT.BOT 3 20-Dec-85
MDUP .MM 56 20-Dec-85 MDUP .MS 56 20-Dec-85
MDUP .MT 56 20-Dec-85 DEMOBG.MAC 2 20-Dec-85
DEMOFG.MAC 3 20-Dec-85 DEMOX1.MAC 3 20-Dec-85
DEMOF1.FOR 2 20-Dec-85 DEMOED.TXT 1 20-Dec-85
SAMPLE.KED 4 20-Dec-85 VERIFY.COM 3 20-Dec-85
IVP .COM 16 20-Dec-85 IVP .MAC 25 20-Dec-85
MTB .COM 14 20-Dec-85 FB .MAC 1 20-Dec-85
SJ .MAC 1 20-Dec-85 XM .MAC 1 20-Dec-85
BSTRAP.MAC 70 20-Dec-85 EDTGBL.MAC 33 20-Dec-85
KMON .MAC 122 20-Dec-85 KMOVLY.MAC 216 20-Dec-85
MTTEMT.MAC 18 20-Dec-85 MTTINT.MAC 46 20-Dec-85
RMONFB.MAC 149 20-Dec-85 RMONSJ.MAC 70 20-Dec-85
TRMTBL.MAC 19 20-Dec-85 USR .MAC 74 20-Dec-85
XMSUBS.MAC 40 20-Dec-85 BA .MAC 21 20-Dec-85
CR .MAC 15 20-Dec-85 CT .MAC 33 20-Dec-85
DD .MAC 27 20-Dec-85 DL .MAC 37 20-Dec-85
DM .MAC 27 20-Dec-85 DP .MAC 11 20-Dec-85
DS .MAC 10 20-Dec-85 DT .MAC 9 20-Dec-85
DU .MAC 94 20-Dec-85 DW .MAC 43 20-Dec-85
DX .MAC 21 20-Dec-85 DY .MAC 23 20-Dec-85
DZ .MAC 18 20-Dec-85 EL .MAC 17 20-Dec-85
LD .MAC 47 20-Dec-85 LP .MAC 14 20-Dec-85
LS .MAC 35 20-Dec-85 NC .MAC 43 20-Dec-85
NI .MAC 22 20-Dec-85 NL .MAC 3 20-Dec-85
NQ .MAC 26 20-Dec-85 PC .MAC 5 20-Dec-85
PD .MAC 12 20-Dec-85 RF .MAC 7 20-Dec-85
RK .MAC 12 20-Dec-85 SP .MAC 43 20-Dec-85
TJ .MAC 32 20-Dec-85 TM .MAC 27 20-Dec-85
TS .MAC 39 20-Dec-85 TT .MAC 7 20-Dec-85
VM .MAC 21 20-Dec-85 XC .MAC 1 20-Dec-85
XL .MAC 28 20-Dec-85 FSM .MAC 32 20-Dec-85
ELCOPY.MAC 15 20-Dec-85 ELINIT.MAC 16 20-Dec-85
ELTASK.MAC 9 20-Dec-85 ERRTXT.MAC 6 20-Dec-85
ERROUT.OBJ 15 20-Dec-85 RTBL .MAP 22 20-Dec-85
RTSJ .MAP 22 20-Dec-85 RTFB .MAP 30 20-Dec-85
RTXM .MAP 33 20-Dec-85 SYSGEN.COM 230 20-Dec-85
BL .ANS 9 20-Dec-85 SJFB .ANS 9 20-Dec-85
XM .ANS 9 20-Dec-85 CONFIG.COM 27 20-Dec-85
CONFIG.SAV 7 20-Dec-85 V5USER.TXT 3 20-Dec-85
V5NOTE.TXT 41 20-Dec-85 CUSTOM.TXT 9 20-Dec-85
CONSOL.MAC 6 20-Dec-85 NITEST.MAC 22 20-Dec-85
206 Files, 5023 Blocks
15359 Free blocks
.
DIRECTORY/BRIEF aka DIR/BR
.DIR/BR
SWAP .SYS RT11AI.SYS RT11PI.SYS RT11BL.SYS RT11SJ.SYS
RT11FB.SYS RT11XM.SYS CR .SYS CT .SYS DD .SYS
DL .SYS DM .SYS DP .SYS DS .SYS DT .SYS
DU .SYS DW .SYS DX .SYS DY .SYS DZ .SYS
PD .SYS RF .SYS RK .SYS LD .SYS LP .SYS
LS .SYS MM .SYS MS .SYS MT .SYS NL .SYS
PC .SYS PI .SYS SL .SYS SLMIN .SYS SP .SYS
TT .SYS VM .SYS XC .SYS XL .SYS DDX .SYS
DLX .SYS DMX .SYS DUX .SYS DWX .SYS DXX .SYS
DYX .SYS DZX .SYS LDX .SYS LPX .SYS LSX .SYS
MMX .SYS MSX .SYS MTX .SYS NCX .SYS NLX .SYS
NQX .SYS PIX .SYS RKX .SYS SLX .SYS SPX .SYS
VMX .SYS XCX .SYS XLX .SYS STARTA.COM STARTF.COM
STARTS.COM STARTX.COM PIP .SAV DUP .SAV DIR .SAV
IND .SAV RESORC.SAV EDIT .SAV K52 .SAV KED .SAV
KEX .SAV MACRO .SAV CREF .SAV LINK .SAV LIBR .SAV
FILEX .SAV SRCCOM.SAV BINCOM.SAV SLP .SAV DUMP .SAV
SIPP .SAV BUP .SAV PAT .SAV HELP .SAV SYSMAC.SML
BATCH .SAV ERROUT.SAV QUEMAN.SAV FORMAT.SAV SETUP .SAV
VTCOM .SAV SPEED .SAV DATIME.SAV DATIME.COM LET .SAV
SPLIT .SAV UCL .SAV VBGEXE.SAV TERMID.SAV QUEUE .REL
RTMON .REL SPOOL .REL VTCOM .REL TRANSF.SAV TRANSF.TSK
TRANSF.EXE GIDIS .SAV ALPH00.FNT ODT .OBJ VDT .OBJ
VTMAC .MAC VTHDLR.OBJ SYSLIB.OBJ PUTSTR.FOR GETSTR.FOR
MDUP .SAV MBOOT .BOT MBOT16.BOT MSBOOT.BOT MDUP .MM
MDUP .MS MDUP .MT DEMOBG.MAC DEMOFG.MAC DEMOX1.MAC
DEMOF1.FOR DEMOED.TXT SAMPLE.KED VERIFY.COM IVP .COM
IVP .MAC MTB .COM FB .MAC SJ .MAC XM .MAC
BSTRAP.MAC EDTGBL.MAC KMON .MAC KMOVLY.MAC MTTEMT.MAC
MTTINT.MAC RMONFB.MAC RMONSJ.MAC TRMTBL.MAC USR .MAC
XMSUBS.MAC BA .MAC CR .MAC CT .MAC DD .MAC
DL .MAC DM .MAC DP .MAC DS .MAC DT .MAC
DU .MAC DW .MAC DX .MAC DY .MAC DZ .MAC
EL .MAC LD .MAC LP .MAC LS .MAC NC .MAC
NI .MAC NL .MAC NQ .MAC PC .MAC PD .MAC
RF .MAC RK .MAC SP .MAC TJ .MAC TM .MAC
TS .MAC TT .MAC VM .MAC XC .MAC XL .MAC
FSM .MAC ELCOPY.MAC ELINIT.MAC ELTASK.MAC ERRTXT.MAC
ERROUT.OBJ RTBL .MAP RTSJ .MAP RTFB .MAP RTXM .MAP
SYSGEN.COM BL .ANS SJFB .ANS XM .ANS CONFIG.COM
CONFIG.SAV V5USER.TXT V5NOTE.TXT CUSTOM.TXT CONSOL.MAC
NITEST.MAC
206 Files, 5023 Blocks
15359 Free blocks
.
DIRECTORY/PRINT aka DIR/PRI
DIRECTORY/BRIEF/PRINT aka DIR/BR/PRI
Both of these commands go to the lpt.txt file on the host. If you want to see the output, press CTRL-E to halt the simulation
.DIR/PRINT
CTRL-E
Simulation stopped, PC: 152646 (MOV -(R4),R5)
sim> ! cat lpt.txt
lots of output, with Form Feed Characters, just like a real printer. The lpt.txt file can later be opened in Textwrangler and printed. The form feeds will be honored.
To return to RT-11, enter c a the sim> prompt and press return - a dot prompt will appear
sim> c
.
SHOW
.
SHOW
.show
TT (Resident)
DL (Resident)
DL0 = DK , SY
MQ (Resident)
LD
RK
SL
DU
DM
DP
DX
VM
SP
MT
MS
CT
LP
PC
CR
NL
12 free slots
The show command tells the user about what devices are active and known to RT-11. At this point, the OS only knows about the SY disk, SY is aliased as DK, DL, and DL0. All of these can serve as volume locators for the files.
That is DIR SY:. will have the same effect as DIR as will DIR DK:., DIR DL:., and DL0:.. Later in the tutorial, the storage drive will be given an alias VOL: and will be initialized for use as a storage location for files.
TYPE FILE
There is a file named CONSOL.MAC in the SY directory. Print its content to the screen.
.TYPE CONSOL.MAC
.MCALL .MODULE
.MODULE CONSOL,VERSION=03,COMMENT=<Change Boot-time Console>
; COPYRIGHT (c) 1986 BY
; DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION, MAYNARD, MASS.
; ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
;
; THIS SOFTWARE IS FURNISHED UNDER A LICENSE AND MAY BE USED AND COPIED
; ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS OF SUCH LICENSE AND WITH THE
; INCLUSION OF THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICE. THIS SOFTWARE OR ANY OTHER
; COPIES THEREOF MAY NOT BE PROVIDED OR OTHERWISE MADE AVAILABLE TO ANY
; OTHER PERSON. NO TITLE TO AND OWNERSHIP OF THE SOFTWARE IS HEREBY
; TRANSFERRED.
;
; THE INFORMATION IN THIS SOFTWARE IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE
; AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS A COMMITMENT BY DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
; CORPORATION.
;
; DIGITAL ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE USE OR RELIABILITY OF ITS
; SOFTWARE ON EQUIPMENT THAT IS NOT SUPPLIED BY DIGITAL.
.ENABL LC
.NLIST BEX
.ENABL GBL
;+
; PROGRAM TO CHANGE CONSOLE TO ONE OTHER THAN BOOT CONSOLE
;-
.MCALL .MTPS,.PRINT,.EXIT
CSRAD =: 176500 ;*** NEW CONSOLE INPUT CSR ***
VEC =: 300 ;*** NEW CONSOLE VECTOR ***
SYSPTR =: 54 ;SYSCOM POINTER TO RMON
TTKS =: 304 ;CONSOLE KEYBOARD CSR
TTKB =: 306 ;CONSOLE KEYBOARD BUFFER
TTPS =: 310 ;CONSOLE PRINTER CSR
TTPB =: 312 ;CONSOLE PRINTER BUFFER
SYSGEN =: 372 ;OFFSET TO SYSGEN WORD
MTTY$ =: 20000 ;MULTI-TERMINAL BIT IN SYSGEN WORD
OLDVEC =: 60 ;STANDARD CONSOLE VECTOR
IENABL =: 100 ;INTERRUPT ENABLE
PR7 =: 340 ;PRIORITY SEVEN
PR0 =: 0 ;PRIORITY ZERO
BMASK =: 360/<<15.*<VEC-<20*<VEC/20>>>/8.>+1>
BITMAP =: 326+<VEC/20>
CONSOL: MOV @#SYSPTR,R0 ;R0 => RMON
BIT #MTTY$,SYSGEN(R0) ;MULTI-TERMINAL SYSTEM?
BNE 2$ ;YES - CAN'T USE THIS TECHNIQUE!
.MTPS #PR7 ;GO TO PRIORITY 7 !!!
BISB #BMASK,BITMAP(R0) ;PROTECT NEW CONSOLE VECTORS
ADD #TTKS,R0 ;R0 => CONSOLE REGISTER LIST IN RMON
MOV #CSR,R1 ;R1 => NEW CSR/DATA REG LIST
BIC #IENABL,@(R0) ;DISABLE OLD INPUT CSR INTERRUPTS
MOV (R1)+,(R0)+ ;MOVE IN NEW CSR ADDR
MOV (R1)+,(R0)+ ;MOVE IN NEW BUFFER ADDRESS
BIC #IENABL,@(R0) ;DISABLE OLD OUTPUT CSR INTERRUPTS
MOV (R1)+,(R0)+ ;MOVE IN NEW CSR ADDR
MOV (R1)+,(R0)+ ;MOVE IN NEW BUFFER ADDR
MOV #OLDVEC,R0 ;R0 = PRESENT CONSOLE VECTOR
MOV @R1,R1 ;R1 = NEW VECTOR
.REPT 4
MOV (R0)+,(R1)+ ;LOAD NEW CONSOLE VECTORS
.ENDR
.MTPS #PR0 ;BACK TO PRIORITY 0
.EXIT ;TERMINATE PROGRAM
2$: .PRINT #NOMT ;PRINT ERROR MESSAGE
.EXIT ; AND LEAVE
.NLIST BEX
NOMT: .ASCIZ /?CONSOL-F-Multi-terminal system ... use SET TT CONSOL command/
.EVEN
CSR: .WORD CSRAD ;CSR/DATA BUFFER/VECTOR LIST
.WORD CSRAD+2
.WORD CSRAD+4
.WORD CSRAD+6
.WORD VEC
.END CONSOL
.
The contents of CONSOL.MAC are sent to the console.
PRINT FILE
Print the contents of a file.
.PRINT CONSOL.MAC
The contents of CONSOL.MAC are sent to the lpt.txt file of the host.
EDIT FILE
In order to demonstrate editing. The ED editor must be selected (remember that the KED editor is unusable until it is configured).
SET EDIT EDIT
This command will allow the user to edit pages of a file in a buffer. In this tutorial, the EDIT/CREATE command will be used before EDIT. See the EDIT/CREATE command below. EDIT/CREATE FILE
Be sure that you first ran SET EDIT EDIT or you won’t be able to exit KED.
.EDIT/CREATE HELLO.MAC
*
The edit command has two modes, command mode and edit mode. The asterisk is the command mode prompt. Check the Introduction to RT-11 document for more detailed instructions. For most purposes, the host file editor is far superior to either ED or KED, but these commands are necessary to grasp well enough to get into insert mode and insert text most likely copied into the host’s copy/paste buffer. To enter insert mode type I and immediately start entering your text. The following can be copied and pasted at that point of the text:
*I .TITLE HELLO
.MCALL .PRINT,.EXIT ; tell assembler I want these two from SYSMAC.SML
START: .PRINT #HELLO ; call OS function to print string, address HELLO
.EXIT ; call OS function to terminate the program
HELLO: .ASCIZ /HELLO, WORLD/ ; an ASCII string ending with a zero byte
.END START
Leave a blank line after your text and press the ESC key twice to return to command mode.
[ESC][ESC]
*
At the ED command prompt, either type EX followed by the ESC key twice to save your work or CTRL-C twice to abort your work.
*EX[ESC][ESC]
Confirm that the file was created:
.DIR HELLO.MAC
HELLO .MAC 1
1 Files, 1 Blocks
15358 Free blocks
And that it contains the content you entered:
.TYPE HELLO.MAC
.TITLE HELLO
.MCALL .PRINT,.EXIT ; TELL ASSEMBLER I WANT THESE TWO FROM SYSMAC.SML
START: .PRINT #HELLO ; CALL OS FUNCTION TO PRINT STRING, ADDRESS HELLO
.EXIT ; CALL OS FUNCTION TO TERMINATE THE PROGRAM
HELLO: .ASCIZ /HELLO, WORLD/ ; AN ASCII STRING ENDING WITH A ZERO BYTE
.END START
MACRO FILE/LIST/CROSSREFERENCE aka MAC FILE/LIST/CROSS
In order to assemble the file created by the editor into machine code, it is necessary to call upon the assistance of the MACRO-11 assembler included in the RT-11 distribution.
The following command will generate an OBJ file and a LST file containing an assembly listing and useful cross-references.
.MACRO HELLO/LIST/CROSSREFERENCE
If there were no errors, there will be no screen output. To see what was generated, display the listing file. The file is printer friendly (landscape mode) output:
.TYPE HELLO.LST
HELLO MACRO V05.03b 00:53 Page 1
1 .TITLE HELLO
2 .MCALL .PRINT,.EXIT ; TELL ASSEMBLER I WANT THESE TWO FROM SYSMAC.SML
3
4 000000 START: .PRINT #HELLO ; CALL OS FUNCTION TO PRINT STRING, ADDRESS HELLO
5 000006 .EXIT ; CALL OS FUNCTION TO TERMINATE THE PROGRAM
6
7 000010 110 105 114 HELLO: .ASCIZ /HELLO, WORLD/ ; AN ASCII STRING ENDING WITH A ZERO BYTE
000013 114 117 054
000016 040 127 117
000021 122 114 104
000024 000
8
9 000000' .END START
HELLO MACRO V05.03b 00:53 Page 1-1
Symbol table
HELLO 000010R START 000000R ...V1 = 000003
. ABS. 000000 000 (RW,I,GBL,ABS,OVR)
000025 001 (RW,I,LCL,REL,CON)
Errors detected: 0
*** Assembler statistics
Work file reads: 0
Work file writes: 0
Size of work file: 9260 Words ( 37 Pages)
Size of core pool: 12800 Words ( 50 Pages)
Operating system: RT-11
Elapsed time: 00:00:00.01
DK:HELLO,DK:HELLO/C=DK:HELLO
HELLO MACRO V05.03b 00:53 Page S-1
Cross reference table (CREF V05.03)
...V1 1-4
HELLO 1-4 1-7#
START 1-4# 1-9
HELLO MACRO V05.03b 00:53 Page M-1
Cross reference table (CREF V05.03)
...CM5 1-4
.EXIT 1-2# 1-5
.PRINT 1-2# 1-4
.
There are 4-5 pages of output. The first page contains line numbers, relative zero addresses, machine code, assembly code, comments and such. The rest of the pages contain a symbol table along with size information and a cross reference of user defined symbols, macro symbols, and if there are errors in the assembly, error codes and line numbers of those errors.
LINK FILE/MAP
In order to run a file in RT-11, it must first be linked. The linker will include all of the programs dependencies and will build a map of locations where the file will be loaded into memory.
.LINK HELLO/MAP
If there were no errors, there will be no screen output. To see what was generated, display the map file.
.TYPE HELLO.MAP
RT-11 LINK V08.10 Load Map Page 1
HELLO .SAV Title: HELLO Ident:
Section Addr Size Global Value Global Value Global Value
. ABS. 000000 001000 = 256. words (RW,I,GBL,ABS,OVR)
001000 000026 = 11. words (RW,I,LCL,REL,CON)
Transfer address = 001000, High limit = 001024 = 266. words
The map file tells the user where their machine code will be loaded into memory. In this case, starting at location 001000.
RUN FILE aka R FILE
If there were no errors during assembly or linkage, the program can be run.
.RUN HELLO
HELLO, WORLD
Note if you link HELLO.MAC and then try to run the executable, you will get an error
.MAC HELLO.MAC
.LINK HELLO.MAC
.RUN HELLO.SAV
?MON-F-Trap to 4 000001
Otherwise, Celebrate!!!
This is the end of the tutorial perse, what follows are some general notes to make the experience better.
General Notes
RT-11FB vs RT-11XM
The distribution is initially set up as RT-11FB. The FB indicates that the system runs in Foreground and Background. Meaning that you can run a single foreground job along with a number of background jobs. Read about it in the docs.
To change over to RT-11XM, with extended memory support beyond 64K, simply copy the correct sys file into the boot area of the boot disk:
copy/boot dk0:rt11xm.sys dk0:
.boot dk0:
RT-11XM V05.03
.TYPE V5USER.TXT
RT-11 V5.3
Installation of RT-11 Version 5.3 is complete and you are now
executing from the working volume (provided you have used the
automatic installation procedure). DIGITAL recommends you verify
the correct operation of your system's software using the
verification procedure. To do this, enter the command:
IND VERIFY
Note that VERIFY should be performed only after the distri-
bution media have been backed up. This was accomplished as part
of automatic installation on all RL02, RX02, TK50, and RX50
based systems, including the MicroPDP-11 and the Professional
300. If you have not completed automatic installation, you must
perform a manual backup before using VERIFY. Note also, VERIFY
is NOT supported on RX01 diskettes, DECtape I or II, or the
Professional 325.
DIGITAL also recommends you read the file V5NOTE.TXT, which
contains information formalized too late to be included in the
Release Notes. V5NOTE.TXT can be TYPED or PRINTED.
.
Copying and Pasting between the host and RT-11
This is the preferred approach in my view.
Edit text files on the host, using your favorite text editor. Do not let the editor mess with tabs (tabs should be tab characters that are set every 8 characters, basically).
When text is ready to be transferred to RT-11, open a text file using ED or KED and enter insert mode. When the editor is ready, paste the contents of the file into the editor present in the Terminal window. The paste will scroll and perhaps wrap over itself, but the file should paste succesfully. don’t do any editing after you paste, exit the editor and save your changes. To see if the file transferred successfully, display it in the console window using TYPE.
To copy files created in RT-11 to the host, you have two options. TYPE the file and copy the text from the Terminal window into your text editor. Or PRINT the file and suspend the simulation to view the lpt.txt file on the host. It will contain a formatted version of the file ready for printing to a printer.
KED Preparation and Use
KED is easier in some ways to use than ED. However, it is not without its quirks and requires some host configuration.
On a Mac, in the Terminal Preferences, set the following options:
Profiles-Keyboard
F5 - change the action to send text and enter: \033Ow. This will set the F5 key to send the Terminal the escape code for Keypad Mode COMMAND key. F1 already sends \033OP which is Keypad Mode GOLD Key
Check Use Option as Meta Key
Profiles-Advanced
Under Input
Uncheck delete sends Control-H
Check Paste newlines as carriage returns
Check Allow VT100 application keypad mode
Check Scroll to bottom on input
Alternatively download and build xterm (the one that is distributed with the Mac lacks a significant number of features). See below:
Fire up KED and edit away, it should look like other screen oriented text editors.
Press PF1 (Fn-F1) then PF5 (Fn-F5) then type QUIT to exit without saving, or EXIT to save, then press Fn-Enter
Use CTRL-C if presented with * or $ prompts
I am uncertain as to how well the editor works as an editor, it doesn’t appear to handle the scroll offscreen very well in terminal. But, you can paste pretty much anything in and ignore how it looks when you exit and it should come out right when you type or print it.
Real xterm
xterm is definitely a more faithful vt100 emulation than Terminal. KED works flawlessly in an xterm session, even when pasting large amounts of text.
Any use of X11 on Mac requires that X windows support is enabled on the Mac. This is accomplished by installing XQuartz, available at http://www.xquartz.org/
xterm is supported and actively maintained by Thomas Dickey at http://invisible-island.net/xterm/
Create a working directory to hold the xterm source and change into it.
mkdir xterm-src
cd xterm-src
Download, unzip the source, and change into the source directory
curl -O http://invisible-island.net/datafiles/release/xterm.tar.gz
tar xvf xterm.tar.gz
cd xterm-320/
configure using Thomas Dickey’s settings for OSX
./configure --enable-256-color \
--enable-builtin-xpms \
--enable-dabbrev \
--enable-dec-locator \
--enable-exec-xterm \
--enable-hp-fkeys \
--enable-load-vt-fonts \
--enable-logfile-exec \
--enable-logging \
--enable-mini-luit \
--enable-paste64 \
--enable-readline-mouse \
--enable-rectangles \
--enable-regis-graphics \
--enable-sco-fkeys \
--enable-sixel-graphics \
--enable-tcap-fkeys \
--enable-tcap-query \
--enable-toolbar \
--enable-wide-chars \
--enable-xmc-glitch \
--with-app-defaults=auto \
--with-icondir=auto \
--with-pixmapdir=auto \
--with-terminal-type=xterm-new \
--with-utempter \
--with-xpm \
--with-setuid
Create and edit the ~/.Xresources file to suit, this one works. If you already a .Xwhatever file, incorporate the appropriate lines from this one into existing one, after you back it up first.
vi ~/.Xresources
~/.Xresources
## XTERM SETTINGS
## see /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc/html/xterm.1.html
## or man xterm
*XTerm*deleteIsDEL: true
xterm*faceName: DejaVu Sans Mono Book
xterm*faceSize: 11
xterm*saveLines: 10000
xterm*scrollBar: true
xterm*rightScrollBar: true
xterm*jumpScroll: true
xterm*cursorColor: #676767
xterm*pointerColor: #676767
xterm*colorBD: darkblue
xterm*colorBDMode: true
xterm*highlightColor: #676767
xterm*activeIcon: false
xterm*scrollTtyOutput: false
xterm*scrollKey: true
xterm*Background: #040701
xterm*Foreground: #00FF00
## TERMINAL KEY SETTINGS
## Adjust to OSX Terminal.app behaviour
*VT100.translations: #override\
<Key>BackSpace: string(0x7F)\n\
<Key>Prior: scroll-back(1,pages) \n\
<Key>Next: scroll-forw(1,pages)\n\
<Key>F5: string(\033Ow)\n\
Meta <Key> K: send-signal(int) clear-saved-lines() \n\
Meta <Key> P: print() \n\
Meta <Key> minus: smaller-vt-font() \n\
Meta <Key> KP_Subtract: smaller-vt-font() \n\
Meta <Key> plus: larger-vt-font() \n\
Meta <Key> KP_Add: larger-vt-font() \n\
Meta <Key> C: select-cursor-start() \
select-cursor-end(PRIMARY, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
Meta <Key> V: insert-selection(PRIMARY, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
Meta <Key> M: iconify() \n\
## EXTRA SETTINGS FOR XAW SCROLLBAR
## see /usr/X11R6/include/X11/Xaw/Scrollbar.h
## for full reference of available recources
*Scrollbar.background: gray50
*Scrollbar.foreground: gray50
*Scrollbar.borderWidth: 0
*Scrollbar.shadowWidth: 0
*Scrollbar.thickness: 14
*Scrollbar.minimumThumb: 20
*Scrollbar.backgroundPixmap: gradient:horizontal?dimension=14&start=gray80&end=white
*Scrollbar.borderPixmap: gradient:horizontal?dimension=14&start=white&end=grey80
*Scrollbar.translations: #override\
<Btn2Down>: StartScroll(Forward) \n\
<Btn1Down>: StartScroll(Continuous) MoveThumb() NotifyThumb() \n\
<Btn3Down>: StartScroll(Backward) \n\
<Btn1Motion>: MoveThumb() NotifyThumb() \n\
<BtnUp>: NotifyScroll(Proportional) EndScroll()
Make xterm
make
Test the xterm
./xterm
Applicable XQuartz Preferences
Input
Check Emulate three button mouse
Pasteboard
Enable syncing
Update Pasteboard when CLIPBOARD Changes
Update CLIPBOARD when Pasteboard Changes
Update PRIMARY (middle-click) when Pasteboard Changes
Uncheck Update Pasteboard immediately when new text is selected
This xterm has a mouse accessible menu bar. If you don’t like it, use xterm +tb instead. Menus in xterm are available even with the menu bar. To access them with the settings as above. CTRL-Click with the mouse button to activate the Main menu. CTRL-ALT-Click to activate the VT Options Menu, and CTRL-COMMAND-Click to activate the VT Fonts menu. To paste the contents of the Pasteboard, fn-Alt to paste. To copy, simply select text and use XQuart’s menu item, Edit->Copy.
In RT-11, using KED, xterm enables the use of GOLD and COMMAND keys by mapping their escape codes to F1 and F5, respectively. So, after editing a file in KED the following keypresses will allow the user to exit or quit KED:
Press GOLD - fn-F1 then COMMAND fn-F5 then at the COMMAND: prompt type QUIT or EXIT and press ENTER - fn-return to exit.
If you like xterm well enough, install it:
sudo make install
sudo make install-ti
If you want a pdf of the man page make one:
groff -t -mandoc /opt/X11/share/man/man1/xterm.1 > xterm.ps
ps2pdf xterm.ps
rm xterm.ps
mv xterm.ps whereever
Alternatively, download macwise terminal and set it to:
emulate VT100
open keyboard and remap PF5
PF1 - {ESOP
PF5 - {ESOw
Initializing the Storage Volume
This takes two commands:
assign and initialize
assign DL1: VOL:
initialize VOL:
DL1:/Initialize; Are you sure? Y
.dir VOL:
0 Files, 0 Blocks
20382 Free blocks
Then you can copy files to VOL:…
post added 2022-11-30 12:29:00 -0600